Qualities to consider when choosing a lead-free material:
Glass transition temperature (Tg), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)
and decomposition temperature (Td) are key data points to consider when
choosing a substrate material for a lead free assembly compatible design.
- The Tg of a resin system is the temperature at which the material
transitions from a rigid state into a softened state. Tg is the material
property typically used by the industry to compare the thermal robustness of
a laminate. Though a contributor to lead-free compatibility, Tg alone is not
sufficient to indicate if a material is suitable for lead free
applications.
- CTE is a measure of the material expansion below and above the Tg and
generally expressed as parts per million (ppm). A lower CTE generally
indicates increased plated through hole (PTH) reliability. A low CTE is a
strong indicator of lead free compatibility and high temperature solder
reliability.
- Td is derived by measuring the weight loss of the sample versus
temperature. Td is important when assessing thermal survivability,
particularly during high temperature lead-free processes. A material's
decomposition temperature is the temperature at which the material weight
changes by 5%.